U.S. Navy to propose strong South China Sea presence

The plan would be a departure from Obama’s appeasement policy
By Elizabeth Shim

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The U.S. Navy may be planning a freedom of navigation operations, or FONOPS, near disputed islands in the South China Sea.
Several Navy officials told the Navy Times both the Navy and the U.S. Pacific Command are to propose sailing near China's artificial islands in the disputed Spratlys, and possibly the Paracel Islands, where China has been building a military presence.
China's neighbor Vietnam is also a claimant to the Paracels.
FONOPS is viewed by many in the Navy's leadership as a standard mission, according to the report.
During his last term, Barack Obama did not allow the Navy to engage in FONOPS, part of his policy of appeasement towards Beijing.
That policy could change under U.S. President Donald Trump.
Advocates of the operation think FONOPS could remove ambiguity from U.S. policy in the South China Sea.
In recent years, while the Navy suspended the operations, China began to aggressively build in the Spratly Islands, installing military-grade runways and deploying surface-to-air weaponry, according to satellite images.
Ships with the San Diego-based Carl Vinson carrier strike group, which is en route to the South China Sea from the Pacific Ocean, are likely to take part in the operations, according to the report.
China's navy is building more aircraft carriers as its activities in the South China Sea continue to play a prominent role in its maritime policy.
The South China Morning Post reported Monday that Beijing's third aircraft carrier, the Type 002 vessel, is in development.
Beijing has decided to rely on a conventional system, rather than sophisticated electromagnetic take-off technology, for the aircraft carrier, according to the report.
"There are still some technical problems applying nuclear propulsion to the carrier platform, so the Type 002 will still use steam catapults," a Chinese source told the Post.

Chinese Aggressions

The Navy is planning fresh challenges to China's claims in the South China Sea
By: David B. Larter

U.S. Navy and Pacific Command leaders want to ratchet up operations in the South China Sea by sailing more warships near the increasingly militarized man-made islands that China claims as sovereign territory, according to several Navy officials.
The freedom of navigation operations, also known as FONOPS, could be carried out by ships with the San Diego-based Carl Vinson carrier strike group, which is in the Pacific Ocean heading toward the South China Sea, according to three defense officials who spoke to Navy Times on condition of anonymity to discuss operations in the planning phase.
The military's plans likely call for sailing within 12 nautical miles of China’s newly built islands in the Spratly and Paracel islands, a move that would amount to a new challenge to Chinese territorial claims there that has raised tensions between Washington and Beijing in the recent past.
The plans are heading up the chain of command for approval by President Donald Trump, and set the stage for a transnational guessing game about what the Trump administration wants its Asia policy to be.
For years, the Obama administration curtailed the Navy’s operations around contested areas like the Spratly Islands, an archipelago of uninhabited islands and reefs that China has built up in recent years. 

China has installed military-grade runways on the islands and could deploy surface-to-air weaponry.
U.S. Navy leaders believe that the FONOPS help clarify rights under international law and secure U.S. influence in the region. 

China, however, views the U.S. operations there as a provocative challenge to Beijing’s effort to claim the territory and the fishing rights and any oil or natural gas reserves in the surrounding waters.
“The Trump administration has to decide what it wants to achieve,” said Bonnie Glaser, director of the China Power Project at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, D.C.
“I doubt it it's possible to compel China to withdraw from its newly built islands in the Spratlys. But the U.S. could develop a strategy aimed at preventing more land reclamation, capping militarization and deterring China from using its new outposts to intimidate and coerce its neighbors,” Glaser told Navy Times in an interview.
News of the military’s planned FONOPs in 2017 track with reports in the Japanese press that Defense Secretary James Mattis, in closed-door meetings during his recent trip to Asia, assured Japanese officials that the U.S. military was planning an assertive approach towards China in the South China Sea.

Ships from the George Washington and Carl Vinson Carrier Strike Groups are underway in formation.

'It’s what we do' 

For years, U.S. military leaders such as Adm. Harry Harris, head of U.S. Pacific Command, 
have sought a more aggressive approach towards China in the South China Sea. 

U.S. Navy officials are quick to point out that the U.S. has been operating there for decades and are maintaining the historic status quo.
But Obama specifically prohibited the Navy from carrying out FONOPS in the South China Sea from 2012 through 2015. 

During that time, China put into overdrive its land reclamation and military construction projects around those reefs and islands.
Obama’s policy of caution, intended to please China, made what was once a standard Navy mission seem aggressive.
“What the Navy wants is for them not to be a news story,” said Bryan McGrath, a retired destroyer captain and consultant with the Ferrybridge Group. 

“The real value in them is that they happen with such frequency that they just become part of the background noise.”
“The more it became a big deal, the more it looked like what we were doing was retaliatory or vindictive. It’s not.” McGrath said. 

“It’s what we do. We say, ‘This is international water and we will proudly sail in it, steam in it, or fly over it to protect our right to do so and others’ rights, as well.”

Making the point, a Navy official pointed to a recent freedom of navigation operation by the cruiser Port Royal aimed at excessive claims made by Sri Lanka, which demands ships transiting its coast obtain prior permission. 

The Port Royal made that transit Jan. 24 under the right of innocent passage, a terms that allows warships to pass through the territorial waters of another country without permission on the condition that the ship not carry out any military operations such as launching helicopters, shooting guns or lighting off any sensitive surveillance equipment.
“FONOPS are a regular, normal and routine occurrence,” the Navy official said.

Likewise, Navy officials sought to downplay the San Diego-base Vinson’s return to the region.
"There is nothing new about U.S. Navy aircraft carrier strike groups deploying to the western Pacific,” said U.S. 3rd Fleet spokesman Cmdr. Ryan Perry.
“Our strike groups have patrolled the Indo-Asia-Pacific regularly and routinely for more than 70 years and will continue to do so. Regional security, stability and prosperity depend on it,” Perry said. 

It is unclear when Vinson and its strike group will enter the South China Sea.
The group includes the destroyers Wayne E. Meyer and Michael Murphy, and the cruiser Lake Champlain. 

Joining Vinson is Carrier Air Wing 2, which is composed of Helicopter Sea Combat Squadron 4; Helicopter Maritime Strike Squadron 78; Strike Fighter Squadrons 2, 34, 137, and 192; Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 113; Electronic Attack Squadron 136; and Fleet Logistic Support Squadron 30.

USS Carl Vinson

Trump’s campaign last year repeatedly accused China of devaluing its currency to disadvantage U.S. goods in international trade markets.

Trump pushed relations to near-crisis levels before his inauguration by taking a phone call from the Taiwanese president, something that no U.S. president has done since the 1970s.
Furthermore, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson told lawmakers he’d be open to blockading China from their Spratly Islands claims.
But in recent days the temperature has lowered significantly. 

In a phone call Thursday with Xi Jinping, Trump expressed his commitment to America's existing "One China" policy in regards to Taiwan, which does not officially recognize Taiwan as independent from mainland China. 

Chinese officials were also pleased with a letter from Trump to Xi expressing his desire to have a constructive and mutually beneficial relationship.
Other signs that Trump is seeking a "constructive" relationship with China include the appointment of Iowa Gov. Terry Branstad, a friend of Xi’s, as ambassador to China. 

And Trump’s daughter Ivanka and her daughter also visited the Chinese Embassy in Washington to celebrate the Chinese New Year.