The Godfather's Daughter

Ivanka Trump's China business ties are more secret than ever

• Public information about the companies importing Ivanka Trump goods to the U.S. has become harder to find.
• Information that once routinely appeared in private trade tracking data has vanished, leaving the identities of companies involved in 90 percent of shipments unknown.
• The deepening secrecy means it's unclear who Ivanka Trump's company is doing business within China.

AP

Ivanka Trump attends Donald Trump's strategy and policy forum with chief executives of major U.S. companies at the White House in Washington, February 3, 2017.
It is no secret that the bulk of Ivanka Trump's merchandise comes from China. 

But just which Chinese companies manufacture and export her handbags, shoes, and clothes is more secret than ever, an Associated Press investigation has found.
In the months since she took her White House role, public information about the companies importing Ivanka Trump goods to the U.S. has become harder to find. 

Information that once routinely appeared in private trade tracking data has vanished, leaving the identities of companies involved in 90 percent of shipments unknown. 

Even less is known about her manufacturers. 

Trump's brand, which is still owned by the first daughter and presidential adviser, declined to disclose the information.
The deepening secrecy means it's unclear who Ivanka Trump's company is doing business within China, even as she and her husband, Jared Kushner, have emerged as important conduits for top Chinese officials in Washington. 

The lack of disclosure makes it difficult to understand whether foreign governments could use business ties with her brand to try to influence the White House — and whether her company stands to profit from foreign government subsidies that can destroy American jobs. 

Such questions are especially pronounced in China, where state-owned and state-subsidized companies dominate large swaths of commercial activity.
"There should be more transparency, but right now we do not have the legal mechanism to enforce transparency unless Congress requests information through a subpoena," said Richard Painter, who served as chief White House ethics lawyer for George W. Bush, and is part of a lawsuit against Donald Trump for constitutional violations. 

"I don't know how much money she's making on this and why it's worth it. I think it's putting our trade policy in a very awkward situation."
An AP review of the records that are available about Ivanka Trump's supply chain found two potential red flags. 

In one case, a province in eastern China announced the award of export subsidies to a company that shipped thousands of Ivanka Trump handbags between March 2016 and February of this year, Chinese public records show — a violation by China of global fair trade rules, trade experts said.

Workers on a production line at the Huajian shoe factory, where about 100,000 pairs of Ivanka Trump-branded shoes have been made over the years amongst other brands, in Dongguan, in south China's Guangdong province.

The AP also found that tons of Ivanka Trump clothing were exported from 2013 to 2015 by a company owned by the Chinese government, according to public records and trade data. 

It is unclear whether the brand is still working with that company, or other state-owned entities. 

Her brand has pledged to avoid business with state-owned companies now that she's a White House adviser, but contends that its supply chains are not its direct responsibility.
Ivanka Trump's brand doesn't actually make its products directly. 

Instead, it contracts with licensees who oversee production of her merchandise. 

In exchange, those licensees pay the brand royalties. 

The AP asked Ivanka Trump's brand for a list of its suppliers. 

The company declined to disclose them. 

The clothing, footwear and handbag licensees contacted by AP also declined to reveal source factories.
Abigail Klem, president of IT Operations, which manages Ivanka Trump's brand, said the company does not contract with foreign state-owned companies or benefit from Chinese government subsidies. However, she acknowledged that its licensees might.
"We license the rights to our brand name to licensing companies that have their own supply chains and distribution networks," Klem said in an email. 

"The brand receives royalties on sales to wholesalers and would not benefit if a licensee increased its profit margin by obtaining goods at a lower cost," she added.
But Michael Stone, chairman of Beanstalk, a global brand licensing agency, said lower production costs for licensees would ultimately benefit Ivanka Trump by freeing up money for marketing or lower retail prices, both of which drive sales.
"It gives her a competitive advantage and an indirect benefit to her financially," Stone said. 

"The more successful the licensee is the more successful Ivanka Trump is going to be."
The AP identified companies that sent Ivanka Trump products to the United States by looking at shipment data maintained by ImportGenius and Panjiva Inc., private companies that independently track global trade. 

Panjiva's records show that 85 percent of shipments of her goods to the U.S. this year originated in China and Hong Kong, but beyond that, it's becoming more difficult to map the brand's global footprint.
The companies that shipped Ivanka Trump merchandise to the U.S. are listed for just five of 57 shipments logged by Panjiva from the end of March, when she officially became a presidential adviser, through mid-September. 

Panjiva collects data from U.S. Customs and Border Protection, which did not immediately release the missing data to AP.
While in many cases the manufacturer ships goods directly, merchandise can also be made by one company and shipped by another trading or consolidation company.
There used to be more visibility. 

Last year, 27 percent of the companies that exported Ivanka Trump merchandise to the U.S. were identified in Panjiva's records, and back in 2014 a full 95 percent were named. 

For two of Ivanka Trump's licensees — G-III Apparel and Marc Fisher Footwear — the number of shipments appears to plunge in 2015, likely because they "requested to hide" their shipment activity, according to Panjiva records. 

Neither company responded to AP's questions.
The brand declined to comment on the growing murkiness of its supply chain.
Chris Rogers, an analyst at Panjiva, said any company can ask customs authorities to redact its information for any reason. 

About a quarter of companies request anonymity, he said, but the majority don't mind disclosing who they're doing business with.
"A lot of companies have said, 'yes there might be a commercial disadvantage, but we want to be transparent about our supply chain,'" he explained. 

"'Why would we want to cover up the fact that we're working with this particular company?'"
While ethics lawyers may see disclosure as the best antidote to conflict of interest, many brands see it as a tool to keep supply chains scandal-free. 

Public outcry over sweatshop conditions and worker suicides prompted companies like Nike Inc. and Apple Inc. to disclose the names and addresses of their manufacturers, and a growing number, including Gap Inc., the H&M Group, New Balance Athletics Inc., Adidas AG and Levi Strauss & Co., publicly identify their suppliers.
Ivanka Trump should do the same, said Allen Adamson, founder and CEO of BrandSimple Consulting. 

"It's a missed opportunity to lead by example."
What shipping records do show is that a company called Zhejiang Tongxiang Foreign Trade Group Co. Ltd., a sprawling conglomerate once majority-owned by the Chinese state, sent at least 30 tons of Ivanka Trump handbags to the U.S. between March 2016 and February 2017.

People walk past the 'Ivanka Trump Collection' shop in the lobby at Trump Tower in New York.
Zhejiang province's commerce department said in June 2014 that it would help lower export costs for that same company, along with nine other local enterprises, through a special three-year trade promotion program. 

Among the measures outlined were export insurance subsidies and funding for online trading platforms and international marketing, as well as special funds earmarked for foreign trade companies with large-scale, fast-growing exports.
The value of the subsidies is unclear, as are details about how the directives were implemented, but using subsidies to reduce the price of exports is considered so destructive to fair trade that the World Trade Organization generally bans the practice. 

Chinese government subsidies hurt American workers but can lower costs for U.S. companies that import made-in-China merchandise, potentially boosting their profits.

Donald Trump has called companies that benefit from foreign government subsidies "cheaters."
The AP spoke with four trade experts in the United States and China who said the Zhejiang measures appeared to violate World Trade Organization rules. 

"These are clearly export subsidies," said Gary Hufbauer, a trade expert at the Peterson Institute for International Economics in Washington.
Zhejiang province's Department of Commerce and the Zhejiang Tongxiang Foreign Trade Group declined to comment.
The AP also found that from Oct. 2013 to Jan. 2015, Jiangsu High Hope International Group, a conglomerate majority-owned by the Jiangsu provincial government, shipped 45 tons of Ivanka Trump clothing to the U.S., according to records from ImportGenius and Panjiva.
High Hope told AP it had "a small number of business dealings" with Ivanka Trump licensee G-III Apparel, but declined to answer questions about whether the relationship is ongoing.
G-III, which is based in New York City, declined to respond to specific questions but said in a statement that it is "committed to legal compliance and ethical business practices in all of our operations worldwide." 

Ivanka Trump licensee Mondani Handbags & Accessories Inc., also headquartered in New York, did not respond to requests for comment.
Ivanka Trump's brand said it was in the process of reviewing its supply chains with the help of "independent experts whose mission it is to advance human rights" and emphasized that all licensees, manufacturers, subcontractors, and suppliers are required to abide by the law, as well as ethical practices set forth in a vendor code of conduct.
The AP asked to see the code of conduct, but the brand declined to share it.

The Godfather's Daughter

China factory for Ivanka Trump brand shoes criticized for labor violations
By Kevin McCoy

File photo taken in June 2017 shows men at the entrance gate of a Huajian Group shoe factory in Ganzhou, in southeastern China's Jiangxi Province.

A China factory that has produced shoes for the Ivanka Trump brand is the worst labor rule violator among dozens of similar production facilities checked by undercover investigators, an advocacy organization said Wednesday.
Workers at the Huajian factory in Jiangxi, a province in southeast China, typically put in 15-hour days, with just two days off each month, according to a report by China Labor Watch, a group that since 2000 has investigated workplace conditions at Chinese facilities that supply many of the world's best-known companies and brands.
Workers assigned to produce shoes for Easy Spirit's brand were forced to remain at work until 1:30 a.m. making changes in late May after a representative of the U.S. company complained that the manufacturing work was of "inferior quality," the report said.
The factory's employees were verbally and physically abused, and had to wait until late April to receive payment for hours they worked in March, the report said.

Additionally, the workers were paid roughly $352 for 350 monthly work hours, below that China's labor law stipulates, the report added.
Along with producing shoes for the Trump brand and Easy Spirit, the factory has done work for such well-known U.S. companies as Marc Fisher Footwear, Nine West, Karl Lagerfeld, Naturalizer, and Guess, the report said.
Nonetheless, the factory "is the worst among the dozens of factories we have investigated over the past year," the report concluded.
Factory representatives could not be located for comment.
Three undercover investigators for China Labor Watch who checked the production center and interviewed workers in March or April abruptly disappeared in May and are believed to have been arrested by Chinese authorities. 

“We urge China to release them immediately and otherwise afford them the judicial and fair trial protections to which they are entitled,” Alicia Edwards, a U.S. Department of State spokeswoman, said in a statement earlier this month.
China has rejected calls for the men's release.
"So far, we haven't heard anything," Li Qiang, the advocacy group's executive director, said in a telephone interview conducted through a Mandarin translator on Wednesday. 

He repeated previous entreaties for Trump's company and other U.S. manufacturers to help win the investigators' release.
Trump removed herself from day-to-day involvement with her brand in January. 

Her spokeswoman did not respond to an email seeking comment. 

In a written statement, Ivanka Trump President Abigail Klem said the company's shoes had not been produced at the factory since March.
"Our licensee works with many footwear production factories and all factories are required to operate within strict social compliance regulations," the statement said.
Marc Fisher, Trump's footwear licensee, said it "does not comment on its business procedures or strategies." 

Other companies cited in the China Labor Watch report did not respond to emails seeking comment.